The most well-known oomycete is Phytophthora infestans, the causal agent of late blight disease on tomato and potato, which leads to significant yield losses worldwide ( 5). These share morphological characteristics with fungi, yet belong to the Stramenopiles, a eukaryotic lineage that besides oomycetes also includes diatoms and brown algae ( 4). A class of organisms comprising important plant and animal pathogens is the oomycetes ( 3).
While increasing knowledge has been gained on secreted effector proteins that facilitate host colonization ( 2), the nature of pathogen nutrition remains underexplored. Plants and pathogens maintain a complex relationship that generally involves the secretion of effector proteins by the pathogen to manipulate plant cell processes and the scavenging of nutrients from the host by the pathogen to support its growth and proliferation ( 1). This integrated metabolic model for the P. infestans-tomato interaction provides a framework to integrate data and generate hypotheses about in planta nutrition of P. infestans throughout its infection cycle. As infection progresses, P. infestans performs less de novo synthesis of metabolites and scavenges more metabolites from tomato. This revealed profound changes in pathogen-host metabolism during infection.
#PHYTOPHTHORA TOMATO FULL#
We also exploited dual-transcriptome data of a time course of a full late blight infection cycle on tomato leaves and integrated the expression of metabolic enzymes in the model.
This showed, for example, that P. infestans, a thiamine auxotroph, depends on certain metabolic reactions of the tomato thiamine biosynthesis. We used this integrated model to simulate metabolic fluxes from host to pathogen and explored the topology of the model to study the dependencies of the metabolism of P. infestans on that of tomato. Here, we reconstructed an integrated metabolic model of P. infestans and tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum) by integrating two previously published models for both species. To date, the nutrient flux from host to pathogen during infection has hardly been studied, and the interlinked metabolisms of the pathogen and host remain poorly understood. P. infestans is a hemibiotrophic pathogen, and during infection, it scavenges nutrients from living host cells for its own proliferation. DLA is suited for identification of qualitative resistance available in the germplasm which is typically a qualitative trait governed by a single or a few disease resistant (R) genes.The oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans causes potato and tomato late blight, a disease that is a serious threat to agriculture. Since the genotype of the host and pathogen are generally static in infection assays, observed differences in susceptibility among testing methods are likely due to variation in environmental conditions.
infestans than the field and whole plant assays ( Stewart, 1990 DLA provides increased infection and potato leaves showing more susceptibility to P. Several testing methods such as field tests, whole plant assays, and detached leaf assays (DLA) have been developed.
For this purpose, identification of novel sources of resistance in the available germplasm is a crucial step. Breeding for late blight resistance is considered an important factor to fight against this disease. infestans is one of the most devastating potato diseases in the world and is the most important yield-limiting factor in potato production ( Late blight of potato caused by the oomycete pathogen P. Potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the most important non-cereal food crops in terms of food and nutritional value (
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